What characterizes an upfront fee in event-driven transactions?

The defining feature of an upfront fee in event-driven transactions is that it is typically paid in full at closing. In such transactions, an upfront fee is a charge that borrowers need to settle when the financing is activated, rather than being spread out over time or paid in installments. It reflects the lender’s cost of providing capital upfront, allowing them to cover due diligence, risk assessments, and other initial expenses associated with the transaction.

The distinction is essential because it directly affects the cash flow requirements for the borrower. By requiring payment at the closing, lenders ensure they are compensated for their services and the risks they assume right from the onset of the transaction.

In contrast, fees payable in several installments, charged on the unused portion of the facility, or recurring monthly fees do not fit the typical structure of an upfront fee as they involve ongoing payment over time rather than a single, immediate payment at the transaction's initiation.